1819
Birth of John Ruskin.

1834
Birth of William Morris.

1848
'Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood' formed and first Pre-Raphaelite works exhibited.

1849
Paris: 11th Trade Exhibition. Visited by Henry Cole, and Matthew Digby Wyatt, who had been asked to prepare a report on the Exhibition for the Society of Arts. It was this exhibition which was the inspiration for the Great Exhibition organized by Henry Cole and Prince Albert.

1851
London: the 'Great Exhibition' (the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations), held under the direction of the Prince Consort and Sir Henry Cole. Allegedly visited by Morris, then aged 17, who was nauseated by the tasteless and materialistic display.

1853
Great Industrial Exhibition, Dublin.
World's Fair of the works of Industry of all Nations, New York.

1854
Working Men's college started in London by F.D. Maurice

1855
Paris: L'Exposition Universelles des Produits de l'Industrie de toutes les Nations, included the works of the Pre-Raphaelites which had a considerable influence on the French Realist School.

1856
Owen Jones' 'The Grammar of Ornament' published, the first book to have full colour plates coloured by chromolithography.

1857
American Institute of Architects founded in New York.
October: An exhibition of British painting opened in New York, going on to Washington, Philadelphia and Boston, including Pre-Raphaelite works assembled by Ernest Gambart. The show was not a success due to the current decline in the U.S. economy.
Rossetti undertook the decoration of the Oxford Union Library with the assistance of William Morris and other members of the pre-Raphaelite circle.

1859
Planning and building of Morris' Red House by Philip Webb at Upton in Kent.
Furniture designed, especially made and decorated for the house by Morris, Web, Rossetti and Burne-Jones. The interior was decorated with fresco painting.

1861
Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. founded to provide the type of furniture so conspicuously lacking in the mid nineteenth century - solidly constructed and without superfluous ornament. Madox Brown, Rossetti and Burne-Jones all worked for the firm, as did Arthur Hughes, another Pre-Raphaelite, albeit briefly. The foreman glass worker was George Campfield, a recruit from the Working Men's College.

1862
London: International Exhibition. Included a stand furnished by Morris & Co. which was praised for archaeological exactness of their imitation of the style of the Middle Ages, and the first Japanese art and crafts works to be widely seen, which had an immediate and widespread effect on the design of the period.

1866
Morris & Co. undertook two important commissions; the decoration of the Green Dining Room at the South Kensington Museum and of the Armoury and Tapestry Room at St. James's Palace.

1867
Paris: L'Exposition Universelle

1871
1st South Kensington Exhibition.
Ruskin's 'Fors Clavigera' began to appear in instalments and was eagerly read by A.H. Mackmurdo, amongst others.

1872
2nd South Kensington Exhibition.
William De Morgan, who had been working since the early days of the firm for Morris & Co., set up his own pottery in Chelsea.

1873
'Martin Brothers' pottery established by the brothers Robert, Wallace, Edwin and Charles Martin in Fulham.
Vienna: Universal Exhibition.
3rd South Kensington Exhibition.

1874
Morris began his experiments with fabric design.
4th South Kensington Exhibition.

1875
Formation of 'Liberty & Co.', a shop specializing in Oriental art and artifacts. Patrons of the new shop included E.W. Godwin, D.G. Rossetti, Burne-Jones and Whistler. Christopher Dresser, after his visit to Japan, also attempted to open a business selling Oriental goods (Dresser and Holme set up in 1878 in Farringdon Road) and in 1880 was appointed Art Manager of the Art Furnishers' Alliance. Both businesses failed. Dresser's son Louis, however, later worked for Liberty & Co.
Jonathan T. Carr began the building of Bedford Park, Chiswick, employing E.W. Godwin and Norman Shaw as architects. Completed in 1881, it was an attempt to create a colony of artistic interiors. W.B. Yeats was among the first to live there.

1876
Philadelphia: Centennial Exposition. The displays of both Oriental pottery and E. Chaplet's 'Limoges' glazes influenced studio potters in America, especially Hugh C. Robertson and M. Louise McLaughlin. Christopher Dresser lectured in Philadelphia that year and his influence can clearly be seen in the change of style of Daniel Pabst's work, which had been exhibited that year. Dresser was also commissioned to make a collection of Japanese artifacts, including glass, for Tiffany & Co. while he was in Japan in 1877.

1877
M. Louise McLaughlin developed 'Limoges' underglaze painting.
New York Society of Decorative art founded 24th February.
Martin Bros. Move from Fulham to Southall.
Morris founded 'Anti-Scrape', the 'Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings'

1878
Herter Brothers of New York designed the interior of the Mark Hopkins House in San Francisco, to which the California School of Design moved in 1893.
Paris: L'Exposition Universelle.
London: International Exhibition at South Kensington.

1879
C.H. Brannam Ltd. Established in Barnstable, Devon by Charles Brannam for the production of art pottery, known as 'Barum Ware', which was featured in later Liberty & Co. catalogues.
Louis C. Tiffany & co., Associated Artists, founded in New York with the co-operation of Candace Wheeler and the Society of Decorative Art.
Women's Pottery Club founded in Cincinnati to provide useful and artistic means of gaining an income for women.
London: International Exhibition at South Kensington.

1880
Rookwood pottery founded in Cincinnati.

1881
Fourth American edition of Eastlake's 'Hints on Household Taste' published. It was first serialised in 'Queen', 1865-6 and proved incredibly successful in America, giving rise to the 'Eastlake Style'.
Aller Vale Pottery re-organised for the production of art pottery after a fire which had destroyed the old factory which had specialized in architectural wares. Later stocked by Liberty & Co.

1882
Partnership of Henry Tooth and William Ault established the Bretby Art Pottery.
Messrs Wilcox of Leeds began the manufacture of Burmantofts Faience which continued until 1904.
Oscar Wilde, undertook a wildly successful eighteen months lecture tour of America, preaching the Aesthetic ideal of art and decoration.
Century Guild founded by A.H. Mackmurdo, Selwyn Image and Herbert P. Horne.
The architect H.H. Richardson traveled to Europe and visited Morris at Merton Abbey and here he met Burne-Jones and showed 'unbounded enthusiasm' for De Morgan's work.

1882/3
L.C. Tiffany & Co., Associated Artists, decorated the White House.

1883
Mackmurdo's book on 'Wren's City Churches' published with the famous title page, now seen as a seminal influence on Art Nouveau.
The Ladies Home Journal founded in America: it was later to contain articles on Art and Crafts design.
Boston, U.S.A., The American Exhibition of the Products, Arts and Manufactures of Foreign Nations.

1884
First appearance of 'The Hobby Horse', a quarterly magazine of the Century Guild. Printed on hand made paper with the advice and assistance of Emery Walker it is a precursor of Morris' experiments with fine printing at the Kelmscott Press.
Art Workers Guild formed by the pupils and assistants of Richard Norman Shaw joining together with the 'Fifteen', a group launched some four years earlier on the initiative of Lewis F. Day.
Keswick School of Industrial Arts founded as an evening institute by Canon and Mrs. Rawnsley.

1885
Home Arts and Industries Association established by Mrs. Jebb with the enthusiastic support of A.H. Mackmurdo.
The annual exhibitions held at the Royal Albert Hall show work of all the local classes and guilds.

1886
Liverpool Exhibition. Mackmurdo's stand provided yet more easily assimilated inspiration for the Art Nouveau artists of the 'fin de siecle'. The elongated roof supports ending in wide flat ornamental finials are the prototypes of many later architectural decorative features.

1886/7
C.R. Ashbee went to live at Toynbee Hall, the pioneer University Settlement in the East End of London. He lectured at places such as Deptford or Beckton, 'of Gas Works fame' to recruit men for Toynbee Hall. There he started a Ruskin reading class which he expended into a class of drawing and decoration. He supervised the decoration of the Toynbee Hall dining room by members of his own class, and it was from these pupils that the nucleus of his Guild of Handicraft was drawn.

1888
Guild of Handicraft founded with three members and a working capital of fifty pounds. Despite Morris' doubts - he met Ashbee's plans 'with a great deal of cold water' - the Guild was remarkable successful for many years, only running into financial difficulty in 1907.
Arts and Crafts Society founded by splinter group from the Art Workers' Guild. The founder members included Walter Crane, Heywood Sumner, W.A.S. Benson, William De Morgan, Lewis F. Day and W.R. Lethaby. It was another of their number, T. Cobden Sanderson that coined the felicitous phrase 'Arts and Crafts' to replace the clumsy title originally used of 'The Combined Arts Society'. The first exhibition was held at the New Gallery in October.
National Association for the Advancement of Art in Relation to Industry formed. At both the first Congress in Liverpool, and at Edinburgh the following year, Morris and Crane spoke on socialist issues and were said to have 'spoiled the Congress'.
Glasgow International Exhibition.

1889
Paris: Exposition Universelle Internationale.
An exhibition of American work was held at Johnstone, Norman & Co. Galleries in New Bond Street; it included decorative designs by John La Farge and Rookwood Faience.

1890
Establishment of the Kelmscott Press, the venture that was to dominate Morris' last years.
Birmingham Guild of Handicraft founded with Montague Fordham as first director.
Vittoria Street School for jewelers and silversmiths opened in Birmingham.
Kenton & Co., the furniture firm, founded by Ernest Gimson, Sidney Barnsley, Alfred Powell, Mervyn Macartney, W.R Lethaby and Reginald Blomfield.
Charles Rohlfs opened his furniture workshop in Buffalo.
Walter Crane visited America.
The work of C.F.A. Voysey first began appearing in American journals.

1891
Kenton & Co. exhibition at Barnard's Inn, the premises of the Art Workers Guild. In spite of the success of the exhibition the Company failed in 1892.
Arts and Crafts exhibition held in Brussels, inspired the foundation of ' L'Association Pour L'Art'.
Chelsea Pottery opened in Chelsea, Mass, by Hugh C. Robertson.
George and Albert Stickley established Stickley Bros. Co. in Grand Rapids.
Voysey's work exhibited at the Boston Architectural Club.

1892
Walter Crane lectured at the Art Institute of Chicago.
Elbert Hubbard, the founder of the Roycrofters, visited Morris at Hammersmith and saw the Kelmscott Press which was to inspire his own experiments in fine printing.

1893
Chicago: World's Columbian Exposition; World's Fair. Included exhibits by Tiffany & Co. and demonstrated the great advance in American artistic culture since 1876.
The first number of 'The Studio' was published in April, including an interview with C.F.A. Voysey, articles on Morris' decoration at Stanmore Hall, the work by students at Birmingham Town Hall, and work by Walter Crane, A.H. Mackmurdo and Frank Brangwyn. It was this propagandist magazine which disseminated the activities and ideals of the Arts and Crafts movement.
Frank Lloyd Wright set up his own architectural practice in Chicago.
Voysey's work first appeared in the 'International Studio' and was also exhibited at the Chicago World's Fair.

1894
Della Robbia pottery established by Harold Rathbone in Birkenhead.
Grueby Faience Co. started in Boston.

First Arts & Crafts society founded in San Francisco; it was called the Guild of Arts & Crafts of San Francisco or the San Francisco Guild of Arts & Crafts.

First mission style furniture was made in San Francisco; the first item was a chair for the Swedenborgian Church in San Francisco, followed by a rocker and probably other furniture made by Forbes Co.

1895
Samuel Bing published his 'La Culture Artistique en Amerique', the result of his observations made during a trip to the United States in 1893 to visit the Chicago World's Fair. At the end of the same year he altered his shop which had previously concentrated on the sale of objects imported from the Far East, into a showcase for modern designers and craftsmen; now known as the 'Galeries de l'Art Nouveau'
Birmingham Guild of Handicraft became a limited company with the Right Hon. William Kenrick M.P. as director.
Newcomb College Pottery established in New Orleans for women students.
Chalk and Chisel Club organised in Minneapolis, which later became the Minneapolis Arts and Crafts Society in 1899.
Venice: Esposizione Internationale d'Arte (1st Biennale)
Liege: L'Oeuvres Artistiques exhibition.

1896
Death of William Morris in October.
Foundation of the Central School of Arts and Crafts with W.R. Lethaby and George Frampton as joint principals, in November.
C.R. Mackintosh won the competition o provide the design for the new Glasgow School of Art.
'The Song of Songs' completed at Roycroft by Elbert Hubbard.
C.R. Ashbee visited New York and Philadelphia.
Dedham Pottery opened in Dedham, Massachusetts with Hugh C. Robertson as director after the failure of the Chelsea Pottery.
First issue of 'House Beautiful' published in Chicago.

1897
Pilkington's, the glass manufacturers, established their pottery, manufacturing tiles and other wares designed by Walter Crane, Lewis F. Day and C.F.A. Voysey.
First major Arts and Crafts exhibition held at Copley Hall, Boston in April. On June 28th the Boston Arts and Crafts Society was founded.
Chicago Arts and Crafts Society founded on 22nd October.
C.R. Mackintosh first undertakes he designing, decoration and furnishing of a number of tea-rooms in Glasgow for the Misses Cranston. The tea-room movement had begun in the 1870s to combat day time drunkenness by providing billiard rooms, smoking rooms etc. Mackintosh collaborated on the Buchanan Street and Argyll Street rooms with George Walton but had complete control over the Ingram Street (1901) and Willow (1903-4) tea-rooms. The work was not completed until 1916.
Brussels: International Exhibition.
The first article on F.L. Wright appeared in 'House Beautiful'. A second followed in 1899.

1898
The artists colony at Darmstadt set up by the Grand Duke of Hesse. Furniture designs commissioned from M.H. Baillie Scott and C.R. Ashbee and made by the Guild of Handicraft.
The Ruskin Pottery established by w. Howson Taylor, son of the remarkable headmaster of the Birmingham School of Art, E.R. Taylor, who provided some of the decorative designs for the pottery. W.H. Taylor was throughout his career preoccupied with the use of experimental glazes and the interest of Ruskin pottery lies solely in the use of glaze effects.
Omar Ramsden and Alwyn Carr set up in partnership in London establishing a recognizable style of elaborated 'Arts and Crafts' inspiration. Much of the work was carried out by assistants.
Gustav Stickley Co. founded in Syracuse, New York in May. That year he also visited Europe, meeting Voysey, Ashbee, Samuel Bing and others.
William H. Grueby introduced matt glazes at his pottery, influencing many of the American studio potters.
Vienna: 1st Secession Exhibition. Walter Crane exhibited.

1989/9
Liberty's 'Cymric' silver range established. Many arts and crafts artists employed as designers, among them Arthur Gaskin, Bernard Cuzner and Reginald (Rex) Silver, but the most prolific and consistently used was the Manxman, Archibald Knox.

1899
Adelaide Alsop Robinea, an associate of the University City Pottery, Missouri, began publication of 'Keramic Studio' in Syracuse, to provide good designs for other potters.
Industrial Art League founded in Chicago; disbanded in 1904.
Vienna: 3rd Secession exhibition. Walter Crane exhibited.
Venice: Eposizione Internationale d'Arte (3rd Biennale, twenty Glasgow School exhibits).

1900
Paris: L'Exposition Universelle. This exhibition provided an unrivalled showcase for the work of Art Nouveau designers. The work of the obscure Bromsgrove Guild, founded in the early 1890's by Walter Gilbert, cousin of the sculptor Alfred Gilbert, was by some organizational oversight, practically the only English craftwork to be seen.
In the same year both John Ruskin and Oscar Wilde died, one mad, the other disgraced.
L. and J.G. Stickley from their own company in Lafeyetteville, New York.
Guild of arts and Crafts of New York organised.
C.R. Ashbee on a lecture tour of America; he met Frank Lloyd Wright at Hull House,
Chicago.
Paris: Centennial exhibition.
Vienna: 8th Secession exhibition. It included rooms by the Glasgow School and Ashbee's Guild of Handicraft.

1901
Ernest Gimson established his furniture workshops temporarily in Cirencester, where he was joined by Peter Waals, an experienced Dutch cabinetmaker.
Artificers' Guild founded by Nelson Dawson.
Buffalo: Pan-American exhibition.
Artus Van Briggle started his own pottery studio in Colorado Springs.
Rose Valley Association incorporated at Moylan, Pennsylvania by W.L. Price and M. Hawley McLanahan based on the ideals of Morris' 'News from Nowhere' which had been published in England in 'The Commonweal', 1890.
'The Craftsman', first published by Gustav Stickley at Syracuse in October. It contained designs for furniture and decorative schemes and was widely read in America.
Furniture shop started by Roycrofters in East Aurora.
Glasgow: International Exhibition.
Venice: Esposizione Internationale d'Arte.

1902
'Handicraft', first published in Boston.
Handicraft Guild established in Minneapolis.
Society of Arts and Crafts founded in Grand Rapids.
Gimson's permanent workshop opened at Daneway House, Sapperton, which formed a focal point for the activities of the Cotswold School. The same year the Guild of Handicraft moved to Chipping Campden in the same neighbourhood as Sapperton.
J. Paul Cooper appointed head of the metalwork department at the Birmingham School of Art.
Van de Velde opened a craft school in Weimar, the first of the activities leading eventually to the Bauhaus.
Tobey Furniture Co. of Chicago held an exhibition of Morris fabrics, reviewed in 'House Beautiful' by an Englishman, Joseph Twyman. Marshall Field & Co. of Chicago also stocked Morris & Co. goods.
Vienna: 15th Secession exhibition. It included Jewellery by Ashbee and Edgar Simpson.
Turin: Esposizione Internationale delle Industrie e del Lavoro.

1903
William Morris Society founded in Chicago, 7th May, by Joseph Twyman.
Rose Valley Association began publication of 'The Artsman'.
Henry Wilson published 'Silverwork and Jewellery'.
Artificers; Guild acquired by Montague Fordham, one time director of the Birmingham Guild of Handicraft, and re-established in his gallery in Maddox Street in London.
Vienna: 17th Secession exhibition. It included Jewellery and silver by Ashbee.

1904
Alexander Fisher set up a school of enamelling in his Kensington Studio.
St. Louis: Louisiana Purchase International Exposition, The Art Palace.
Voysey was commissioned to design a courtyard in Massachusetts.

1905
Tiffany pottery first sold to the public.
Buffalo: Pan-American Exposition.
Liege: Exposition Universelle et Internationale.
Ernest Batchelder visited England and went to Chipping Campden where he noted a 'spirit of discontent' among Guild members. He wrote an article on his visit,
6th Biennale in Venice, the English section designed by Frank Brangwyn.

1906
C.L. Eastlake died.
Californian earthquake and fire.
The furniture Shop and Philopolis Press founded in San Francisco by A.F. and L.K. Mathews. The publication of the press, including Philopolis, were dedicated to the rebuilding of San Francisco.
Della Robbia pottery closes.
Vienna: 24th secession exhibition. It included silver and Jewellery by Ashbee.

1907
Founding of the Deutsche Werkbund by Hermann Muthesius who had been sent in 1896 by the Prussian Board of Trade to England to make a study of English architecture and decoration.
National League of Handicraft Studies organised in Boston in February.
Last issue of 'The Artsman'.
Greene and Greene begin work on the Blacker House in Pasadena.

1908
Ashbee visited America to lecture. After his visit he contributed articles to 'House Beautiful'.
Dick Van Erp opens the Copper shop in Oakland.
Saragossa. L'Exposicio Hispanico-Francesca.

1909
Guild of Handicraft disbanded.
'Modern English Silverwork' and essay by C.R. Ashbee, printed at his Essex House Press.
Only issue of 'Arroyo Craftsman' published in Los Angeles in October.
Rose valley Community bankrupt.
Frank Lloyd Wright undertook his first West Coast commission.
Ashbee visited California and met the Greenes , comparing their adaption of Japanese architectural details favourably with the work of Frank Lloyd Wright.

1910
Fulper Pottery Co., New Jersey began production of art pottery.
Frank Lloyd Wright's 'Augefuehrte Bauten und Entwuerfe' published in Berlin with a foreword by Ashbee. That year he stayed with Ashbee in Chipping Campden.
Stickley was forced to admit in 'The Craftsman' that not only had he never built the Craftsman Houses, which he had designed and published, but that he knew that their cost would be much higher than his estimates. 'The Craftsman's' circulation began to drop from what had been its peak.
Brussels: Exposition Universelle et Internationale.

1911
Turin: International exhibition. University City pottery won the Grand Prize of Europe for Mrs. Robineau's 'scarab' vase.
In August 1911 and November 1912 articles on and by Voysey appeared in 'The Craftsman'.

1912
Archibald Knox visited Philadelphia and New York.
'Imprint' Founded by Gerald Meynell, with Edward Johnston, Ernest Jackson and J.H. Mason as editors. W.R. Lethaby contributed to it. This magazine only survived for a year, but demonstrated Britain's lead in printing and typography, following on form the Kelmscott Press.

1913
Omega Workshops opened in Fitzroy Square by Roger Fry with work by Duncan Grant, Vanessa bell, Wyndham Lewis, Frederick Etchells and Cuthbert Hamilton. They specialized in interior decoration with murals, painted furniture, pottery and rugs. The venture, influenced by Poiret's Paris workshops survived until 1919.
Ghent: Exposition Universelle et Internationale.

1914
Deutsche Werkbund exhibition in Cologne.
Paris: Exposition de l'Art Decoratif de la Grand-Bretagne et d'Irlande. Held at the Louvre, and organised by the Board of Trade, the exhibition featured work of all the leading arts and crafts artists.

1915

Gustav Stickley enterprises declared bankrupt.
Alice and Elbert Hubbard perish on the Lusitania, 7th May.
Founding of the Design and Industries Association. Many of the leading Arts and Crafts figures were instrumental in its formation, including Harry Peach of the Dryad Workshops, Harold Stabler, Selwyn Image, W.A.S. Benson, W.R. Lethaby and Ambrose Heal.
San Francisco: Panama-Pacific International Exposition.
San Diego: Panama-Californian Exposition.

1916
Last issue of 'Philopolis', September.
Last issue of 'The Craftsman', December.

1919
The Bauhaus founded in April in Weimar by Walter Gropius, who had studied architecture under Peter Behrens.

From; Arts and Crafts by Anscombe and Gere